_Indicators play an important role in titrations.  The choice of a good indicator depends on whether you use strong or weak acids or bases to react, and therefore, on whether the salt produced causes hydrolysis.  Text reference is p.595-613.
Your unit test for acid-base equilibrium is on Friday, January 13, 2010.
Homework:  State the difference between "endpoint" and "equivalence".  Answer p.599 #1, 2; p.613 #10, 1, 2, 5; p.614 #10
Review for test: p.636 #2, 11, 13-15, 17-30, 32-39; p.641 #27-29, 32, 33, 38, 40, 42, 46, 48, 51
 
_Some salt solutions are neutral, but some are acidic and some are basic.  Consult your text p.581-587 for the reason, and some examples.  Unit 4 Test, Part 2 is Friday. January 13.
Homework:  p.579 #16; p.588 #1, 2; p.594 #2, 4, 5
 
_Read p.574 about Ka of polyprotic acids.  Kb is similar to Ka, but is for weak bases.  Consult p.570-573.  Some weak bases do not have their Kb values listed in the table in the back of the text.  To calculate these, see p.570.
Homework:  p.579 #9, 15; p.574 #13
 
_Weak acids only partially ionize, setting up an equilibrium between the whole acid molecule and the ions it makes.  From this, we get an equilibrium constant for acids.  Consult the text, p.542-551, 563-570.
Homework:  p.568 #7, 8; p.570 #9
 
_We reviewed the pH concept, learned about pOH and the autoionization constant of water, Kw.  The text reference is p.532-549.
Homework:  p.537 #5; p.540 #10; p.546 #13; p.549 #18
Complete the Common Ion Effect Lab Report for Monday
 
_We reviewed the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases, and learned about the Bronsted-Lowry Theory.  Consult the text, p.528-532.
Homework:  p.532 #1-3
Common Ion Effect lab report is due Monday.
 
Most students wrote the unit test today.  Your lab report for yesterday's experiment is due Monday.
 
_We conducted an experiment to find Ksp of calcium hydroxide.  The instructions and rubric are on the unit 4 page of this site.  Each person is to hand the report in no later than Monday, Dec.19, 2011.
 
_Prepare for your test Wedensday.  Review questions are on the 12/08/2011 homework posting.
 
_If you try to dissolve some calcium carbonate into a solution of sodium carbonate, even less than usual will dissolve, because there is already carbonate ion present.  This shifts the dissociation equilibrium of calcium carbonate towards the solid so less dissolves.  Refer to text p.490-492.
Homework:  p.492 #8, 9, 11, 12